Uganda Internet Shutdown: A Serious Rights Violation

Uganda internet shutdown measures have triggered widespread criticism after authorities restricted nationwide access ahead of the 2026 general elections. On January 13, 2026, the Uganda Communications Commission ordered all mobile network operators and internet service providers to cut public internet access from 6 p.m., just two days before voting began. The timing of this directive has intensified concerns around voter participation, access to information, and election credibility. Human Rights Groups Condemn The Shutdown Human Rights Watch describes the shutdown as a direct violation of Uganda’s constitution and international human rights obligations . According to senior researcher Tomiwa Ilori, access to information and freedom of expression remain essential during elections, when citizens rely on open communication to make informed decisions. Calls for an immediate restoration of full internet services continue to grow, alongside demands for assurances against future shutdowns. Restrictions affected social media platforms, email services, and most online communication channels. Limited access reportedly remained for essential services such as banking and healthcare. Government justification centred on preventing online misinformation and potential election-related violence. Internet traffic monitoring tools, including Cloudflare Radar, recorded sharp drops in connectivity across the country shortly after the order took effect. Similar internet blackouts occurred during Uganda’s 2016 and 2021 elections . A five-day shutdown in 2021 caused significant economic disruption, particularly for small businesses and informal traders dependent on online transactions and communication. Repetition of these measures suggests a broader pattern of digital repression during politically sensitive periods. Pressure on civil society intensified further on January 12, 2026, when authorities ordered ten non-governmental organizations to suspend operations indefinitely. The arrest of prominent human rights activist Sarah Bireete weeks earlier added to fears of shrinking civic space. Regional and international observers have condemned these actions as attempts to silence dissent and weaken independent oversight. Legal and Regional Implications Blanket internet shutdowns fail tests of legality, necessity, and proportionality under international law. Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights guarantees freedom of expression and access to information. Global standards, including principles on freedom of expression, emphasize that states should not interfere with internet access, especially during elections. Responsibility Of Telecom Companies Telecommunication companies also carry responsibility to respect human rights. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights require businesses to resist unlawful government directives and seek transparency. Operators should demand clear legal justification for shutdown orders and work to minimize harm to users whenever restrictions are imposed. Growing International Pressure The African Union, the East African Community, and other international partners continue urging Uganda to comply with human rights commitments. Independent monitoring before, during, and after elections remains crucial to safeguarding democratic processes and protecting civil liberties.

Uganda Internet Shutdown: A Serious Rights Violation

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